1501

Union of Mielnik (the Privilege of Aleksander, Grand Duke of Lithuania)

Historical context

This document on Polish-Lithuanian union was drawn up in the city of Piotrków on October 3, 1501, and was then confirmed on October 30, 1501, in the eastern city of Mielnik, by Aleksander Jagiellończyk (Alexander Jagiellon), Grand Duke of Lithuania, in connection with his election to the throne of Poland. Aleksander sought the Polish crown following the death of his elder brother, Jan I Olbracht (John I Albert), with the intent of re-establishing the personal union between Poland and Lithuania. The Lithuanians were eager to obtain military support in their war with Muscovy – however, they did not wish to deepen the union beyond its personal framework, fearing that the Grand Duchy’s autonomy might be curtailed. The Polish party, in turn, endeavoured to transform the bond into a real union.

The central provision of the document was its consent to a thorough-going alliance between the Crown and the Grand Duchy. The joint election of the monarch – the king of Poland, to be sure – was envisioned, this implying that the Jagiellons would lose their right to inherit power in Lithuania. At his coronation, every subsequent king was to re-affirm all the existing rights of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A jointly appointed council was meant to deliberate on the state’s affairs.

In the end, the Lithuanian side never ratified the Union of Mielnik. Nonetheless, the Privilege is regarded as the first step towards the union that was finally forged between Poland and Lithuania in 1569.

Alexander Jagiellon corroborate the act of polish-lituanian union on 30th of October 1501 in Mielnik, document from the collection of the Central Archives of Historical Records

Document text

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